Hello! Today’s FAQ topic deals with Phase I surveys, a crucial step in preserving our archaeological heritage amidst development projects. When local, state, or federal agencies kick off new projects, they often require these surveys to ensure that the development does not disturb significant archaeological sites. It’s a blend of thorough research and hands-on fieldwork aimed at identifying hidden parts of our past.

A Phase I survey begins with a deep dive into the cultural context of a project area. This involves examining archival records, engaging with local historical societies, and consulting with experts familiar with the region’s history and potential archaeological sites. The purpose is to gather as much information as possible to guide the field survey effectively. This background research is the cornerstone of the survey, laying the groundwork for what comes next.

The field survey itself is where the action happens. Teams use a variety of methods to systematically sample the area, looking for evidence of cultural resources. The most common techniques include surface collection and shovel test pits (STPs), with the latter being particularly prevalent. STPs are carefully excavated at intervals determined by regulatory guidelines, allowing archaeologists to uncover artifacts until reaching subsoil layers undisturbed by human activity. These findings are meticulously recorded and mapped using precision GPS equipment, providing a comprehensive overview of the area’s archaeological deposits.

After completing the fieldwork, all artifacts and data are transported to a laboratory for further analysis. This stage is critical for understanding the significance of the discoveries, including their age, origin, and the story they tell about the area’s inhabitants. Each artifact is cleaned, cataloged, and analyzed to piece together the site’s past.

The culmination of this process is a detailed report that synthesizes all the information gathered during the survey. This report not only presents the findings and methodologies but also assesses the significance of any archaeological resources identified. It includes recommendations for the site’s potential archaeological importance and recommends further investigations, if necessary, to preserve significant finds. This comprehensive document is then submitted to the relevant regulatory authority for review and approval.

In essence, Phase I surveys represent a critical intersection between development and preservation, ensuring that our progress today does not come at the cost of losing valuable insights into our past. By combining meticulous research with fieldwork and analysis, these surveys offer a path to honor and protect our shared heritage, making them a fundamental aspect of responsible development.